In PAHO HQ All PAHO PAHO + WHO

MORE Pesticides

Coming to Grips with Malaria in the New Millennium
This report presents an innovative strategic framework for relieving the burden that malaria imposes on society through the implementation of tried and tested anti-malarial interventions designed to improve health nationally and to promote economic development locally. Recommendations include early diagnosis, treatment with effective anti-malarial medicines, the use of insecticide treated nets, indoor residual spraying, managing the environment, improving housing, extending health education and improving monitoring and evaluation systems.  UN Millennium Project

Field Photos, Guatemala: PAHO-MSPAS-JICA Collaboration Project to Fight Chagas Disease
These 11 photos demonstrate the activities carried out by the joint project between PAHO, the Ministry of Public Health and Social Assistance (MSPAS) of Guatemala, and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), within the framework of the Initiative of Central American Countries (IPCA) against Chagas disease. 
|More|

Field Photos, Honduras: PAHO-SSA-JICA Collaboration Project to Fight Chagas Disease
These 11 photos illustrate the activities of the collaboration agreement between PAHO and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), within the framework of the Initiative of Central American Countries to Interrupt Vectoral and Trasfusional Transmission of Chagas Disease (IPCA). Also involved in the project is the Canadian International Development Agency and Japan Overseas Volunteers (JOVs).  
|More|

Field Photos: Guatemalan Anti-Chinche Campaign through Community-Based Integrated Vector Control (IVM)
These 15 photos show the activities of the campaign for integrated vector control (IVM) in the fight against Chagas in Guatemala. Not only does this mean applying pesticides but also promoting community participation through education to enable them to better protect themselves. This campaign is the result of collaboration between the Ministry of Health, PAHO, and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). 
|More|

Global Insecticide Use for Vector-Borne Disease Control (2nd ed.)
Vector control constitutes an important element in the current global strategy for the control of major vector-borne diseases, and chemical control remains an important element in an integrated approach to vector control. This publication attempts to document the use of insecticides for vector control at the global level concerning the evelopment of guidelines on safe and effective use of insecticides and on resistance management, agreements for international use of insecticides, investment for development of alternatives, and review and formulation of policies for insecticide usage at different levels. 
|More|

Guidelines on Situation Analysis for Public Health Pesticide Management
The objectives of this 2005 publication by WHOPES, the WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme, is to provide guidance in the performance of a situation analysis aimed at identifying the weaknesses, strengths and needs for strengthening a country's public health pesticide management practices. It identifies the key steps in the planning process and outlines a methodology for such analysis. 
|More|

Malaria Vector Control: Decision-Making Criteria and Procedures for Judicious Use of Insecticides
The purpose of this publication from the WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES) is to help to ensure the safe and effective use of insecticides in malaria vector control. The choice of the methods to use should be preceded by decisions on the composition of a selective approach to vector control that is specific in time and space and may or may not require the application of insecticides. This introduction positions chemical vector control within the context of an overall malaria control strategy. The link provided here is to the WHO full text (116 pp, PDF). WHOPES

Manual for Indoor Residual Spraying: Application of Residual Sprays for Vector Control
This WHO guide is meant to instruct pest-control workers on how to safely and effectively administer residual insecticides. It was published in 2002 by WHO Communicable Disease Control, Prevention and Eradication as part of the WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme, to provide uniform international standards for administration of pesticides to eliminate insects/vectors that transmit disease in an indoor setting. This summary links to the full-text WHO report. 
|More|

Manual for Indoor Residual Spraying: Application of Residual Sprays for Vector Control (3rd ed.)
The objective of this handbook is to ensure the safe and correct application of a residual insecticide to indoor surfaces on which vectors may rest. Indoor residual spraying is extensively used, especially for malaria and Chagas disease vector control. However, vector control programmes frequently lack well-trained field staff to apply the insecticides and to maintain the application equipment. With good skills and quality application equipment, hazards to human health and the environment, as well as financial losses, can be avoided. It can be used as a model to develop training materials in the countries. WHOPES

NYAM NEWS November 1&2, 2004 - Organic foods
The facts about organic and conventional foods, the relationship between them and the type of agricultural practices employed in their production are presented in this issue. Also, the health benefits of organic foods and their downside are discussed.  
|More|

Public Health Pesticide Management Practices by WHO Member States: Report of a Survey, 2003–2004
Survey objectives were to study key features of public health pesticide management practices by WHO Member States; assist national and international organizations in developing activities to address weaknesses in their management practices; and serve as a baseline for monitoring progress in such activities. In the Americas, 14 countries responded comprising 55% of the at-risk population for major vector-borne diseases: Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay. The Caribbean Epidemiology Centre / CAREC assisted with data collection and validation. 
|More|

Safety of Pyrethroids for Public Health Use
Pyrethroids are widely used in public health because of their relative safety for humans, high insecticidal potency at low dosages and rapid knock-down effects. WHO has assessed the safety and efficacy of pyrethroids for different applications in vector control, as well as in disinsection of aircrafts. The purpose of this document is to critically review current knowledge on the safety of pyrethroids and whether existing WHO recommendations for pyrethroid applications should be revised or modified. (This review does not consider the use of pyrethroids in space spraying and vapour applications, e.g. in mosquito coils and aerosols.) 
|More|

Sustainable Development and Environmental Health - Healthy Environment
Sustainable Development and Environmental Health (SDE) - Environmental Health, Toxicology Networks, Retoxlac, Self-instruction Courses, Pesticides for Domestic Use 
|More|

Useful Links: Chagas Disease / American Trypanosomiasis (WHO and other resources)
This page offers a list of electronically available resources on themes related to Chagas from WHO and other sites. It also includes links to international partners working in that area. 
|More|

Vth Meeting of the Andean Chagas Initiative (IPA) (Lima, Peru, 6–7 May 2004)
The objectives of this annual IPA meeting were to analyze the situation of Chagas' disease in the countries that form the Andean subregion; define intervention strategies in accordance with entomological, epidemiological, and cost-effectiveness criteria; agree on lines of action related to vector control among the countries of the subregion; and strengthen ties and integration among the National Surveillance and Control Programs in the countries of the Andean subregion. This page offers the conclusions, recommendations, and decisions as well as access to the full-text report in Spanish.  
|More|

VIth Meeting of the Andean Initiative to Control Chagas Disease (IPA) (Bogotá, Colombia, 5–6 May 2005)
The objective of this meeting was to approach three thematic areas: (a) implementing greater coverage and quality of anti-vectoral activities, according to risk criteria already published by the IPA Technical Advisory Group, taking into account the following: (i) diversity of species, with updated and integrated taxonomy criteria; (ii) interpreting the various epidemiological situations and (iii) the acceptability and viability of the proposals; (b) optimizing management and methodology in blood banks with regard to blood tests, with the goal of eliminating contaminated blood and treating infected individuals detected during testing, within the framework of blood-safety goals; and (c) generating in the member countries a component of morbidity and care for persons infected with or ill from Chagas in an accessible, timely, effective and effecient manner. This page offers the recommendations and decisions plus access to the full-text report in Spanish.  
|More|