Haiti is exposed to a
wide spectrum of natural disasters such as droughts, floods, hurricanes,
earthquakes and landslides. Although many Caribbean countries are
exposed to the same threats, the potential destruction and loss
of life and livelihood is incomparable to the level of devastation
that Haiti regularly experiences. The physical, social, economic
and environmental conditions in Haiti create a vicious cycle that
renders it one of the most vulnerable countries in the world.
Haiti lies in the middle of the hurricane belt, with 1,771 km (1100
miles) of coastline, making the country subject to severe storms
during the regular hurricane season from June 1 through November
30. Haiti's geographical location, combined with its under development,
high population density, chronic socio-economic problems and weak
infrastructure, makes it a particularly vulnerable country. According
to UNDP, natural disasters are more deadly in poor countries, with
Haiti's GDP per capita at $1,700, the country represents some of
the worst health statistics of the region.
Due to the complete absence of solid infrastructure and urban planning,
along with neglected proper building procedures, Haiti's urban areas
have become some of the most vulnerable areas of the country. Similarly,
the densely populated areas along the coastline which are located
at low lying levels are already at an increased risk from natural
hazards from the sea, as well as from landslides and flashfloods
of runoff from the mountains. Furthermore, Haiti's health system
is fragile and may be further overwhelmed in emergency situations.
Immediate health concerns following disasters often involve vector
control as well as epidemiological surveillance.
Every year large segments of the population suffers from hurricanes,
flooding, landslides, droughts and earthquakes. The effects of hurricanes
and tropical storms such as wind damage, inland flooding and coastal
surge are of significant concern. In 2004 torrential rains caused
two major floods which caused more than 2,700 fatalities, affected
more than 300,0001 persons and destroyed or brought severe damage
to several hospitals and health centers.
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