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Millennium Development Goals
Peru
Located in
the westernmost part of South America, Peru has a diverse territory
comprised of arid coastal regions, vast Andean highlands, and Amazon
jungles. Since the early 1990’s
infrastructure and services investments have led to improvements in many
social indicators. During this period maternal mortality dropped from 54
to 32 deaths per 1,000 live births. Between 1997 and 2001, there was also
an important improvement in access to secondary education - an increase of
74 % in urban areas (up 3.5 %) and 44 % in rural areas (up 7 %).
Unfortunately, four years of economic recession caused some deterioration
in these indicators, especially among Peru’s most vulnerable. Between 1997
and 2001, the percentage of Peruvians living in poverty increased to 54.8%, while extreme poverty reached 24.4 % of the population.
In 2005
Peru’s population was approximately
27,925,628 million people out of which
73.9% lived in urban areas. Peru is ranked 79th (medium) in the
human Development Index, and its Gini index is 49.8 indicating low equity,
its GDP expenditure on health accounts for 2.2%, and its per capita income
in 2005 was $ 5.260.
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Goal 1
Between 1992 and 2000 there was a drop of 3.73% in the number of
children under 5 that suffered from hunger (10.08% to 7.07%). According to
national data 11.7% of children under the age of 5 are malnourished in
rural areas while it accounts for 3.2% in urban areas. In 2002, 54.3% of
the population lived in poverty while 23.9% lived in extreme poverty.
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Goal 2
In 2002, 48.7% of the poor finished primary education while only 19.8% of
the extremely poverty were able to do it. In urban areas 43.6% of the
population finished primary education while 19.95% of the rural population
finished primary education. In 2002, 96.6% of the population was literate,
97.67% for men versus 95.5% for women. According to Peru’s MDG report,
Goal 2 could be achieved, however the country only invests 1.6% in
education, a relatively low amount compared to other Latin American
countries.
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Goal 3
In the year 2002, in rural areas approximately 6.5 girls had access to
primary education for every 10 boys, and 6.2 women had access to superior
education for every 10 males. In 2002, for every 100 males that left
primary education, 119.5 females left primary education. Between the years
1990 to 2001, women increased their participation in the work force from
35% to 57%. Peruvian women obtained the right to vote in 1955, fifty years
later, 48 out of the 1624 district mayors are women, 4 of the 193
provincial mayors are women, and 3 out of the 25 regional government
presidents are women. In the year 2000, 42% of women between the ages of
15 to 49 years of age, reported being attacked by their partner.
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Goal 4
In 1990, the infant mortality rate was 64 deaths for every 1,000 children
born, this decreased to 43 in 1992. Rural children under five years of age
have a 2.2 higher risk of dying than urban children in the same age group.
In Peru, there are 628,000 children born a year, more than 20,000 die
before they have their first birthday, and 8,000 of them die before the
end of their first week of life. In relation to malnutrition in children
below 5 years of age, the percentage decline between 1990 (48.8%) to
(25.6%) in 1996.
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Goal 5
In the year 2000, approximately 40% of registered births occurred in
medical facilities, and 40% of the women giving birth were not assisted by
health personnel. According to the national census in 1993, 11.2% of young
girls between the ages of 15 to 19 and 1.2% of the girls between 12 to 14
years of age had at least one child.
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Goal 6
From 1983 to 2003, 12,981 cases of HIV/AIDS were reported to Peru’s health
ministry (MINSA). However, that country’s health ministry estimates that
in 2003 there were 76,633 people living with HIV/AIDS out of which 18,000
were women and 4,500 were children below the age of 15. The prevalence
rate in women that are pregnant within the ages of 15 to 24 is 0.21%. The
amount of women between the ages of 15 to 24 that use contraceptives
nearly doubled in the 1990’s in the urban areas, but in the rural areas no
changes have been recorded. In Peru, about 30% of the population lives in
areas where contracting malaria is highly probable. The death rate of
malaria in 1998 was 9.97% and in 2003 it went down to 1.82%. The
prevalence rate of tuberculosis in 1990 was 183.3% and in the year 2002
the prevalence of tuberculosis was 121.2%.
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Goal 7
Solid fuels are used by the households with the highest poverty level. In
these homes, it is estimated that .8% to 1% use coal, and 32.1% to 37.9%
use firewood. In 1990, 63% of the population had access to potable water
and 54% of the population had access to basic sanitary service, in the
year 2000 the percentage of the population that had access to potable
water available went up to 75%, while the sanitary services only went up
to 56%. There is a deficit in the access to potable water in rural areas
of 38%, and in urban areas the deficit is of 18%. In rural areas the
sanitary services deficit is of 70%, while in urban areas the deficit is
of 31%.
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Goal 8
At this moment, Peru’s most sold medicines are not protected by patents.
In 2003, Peru began a joint initiative with the countries that belong to
the Organismo Andino de Salud, ORAS-CONHU (including Chile, Mexico,
Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay) with pharmaceutical companies in order to
arrange a price reduction of antiretroviral medicines. The negotiations
obtained positive commitment to lower prices.
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