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The total population of Suriname was 492,829 in 2004, of which 59.4% live in urban areas, 29.6% in rural areas and 11.0% in the interior. [1] Women represent 49.7% of the total population. In the year 2004, 129,866 women were 15 to 49 years old, that is, around 53% of the total number of women. [2] Compared to the census of 1980 (with a population size of 355,240), the population increased with circa 137,600 persons over a period of approximately 24 years, i.e. growth of 38.7% (or 1.37% annually). The average annual rate of growth of the population fluctuated considerably in the period since 1970, but has had a decreasing trend since the 1980-1985 quinquennium (Figure 1).
The crude death rate, in 2004, was 6.7 per 1,000 population. The crude birth rate, in 2004, was 18.7 per 1,000 population. [3] The gross national income per capita (current value) was US$2,900 in 2004 [4]; the PPP value of the gross national income is not available. No data are available as to the income ratio of the 20% of the population with the highest and the 20% with the lowest income. The percentage of the population in the urban areas living below the national poverty line was 66% in 2000. [5] Among urban households, 31% were headed by women. (2004). (Gender Statistics ABS, 2005)
Public expenditure on health was 4% of gross domestic product and the total health expenditure was 9.4% of gross domestic product in 2000; [6] data are not available as to private expenditure. Over 98% of the urban population has access to improved water sources, whereas around 70% of the rural population has access to these services. For sanitation, this is 99% and 76% respectively (Figure 2).
In 2000, the overall literacy rate of the population aged 15 years and over, was estimated at 86% (males 90.2% and females 82.3%), with a significant difference in the literacy rate between the urban population (92.9%), rural population (870%) and interior (51%). [7] In 2004, a literacy rate of the population aged 15 years and over was estimated at 75.3% (males 77.2% and females 73.6%). [8] It is estimated that, in 2000-2003, the net enrollment rate for the pre-primary and primary level was 90% for both sexes and that it was considerably lower for the secondary level [9]. The gross enrollment rate, primary level, for both women and men was over 125%; for secondary level, the rate registered for women (85) was 22 higher than men (63) (Figure 3).
In 2004, in Paramaribo there were twice as much women (109) registered as job seekers than men (63), while in Nickerie this is the other way around (women: 32 and men: 84) [10].
In 2005, life expectancy at birth was 73.0 years for women and 66.6 years for men. [16] Recent demographic estimates found substantial gains in life expectancy for both sexes, concomitant with an increase in the gap between men and women: in the 2005-2010 quinquennium, the life expectancy of women will be 6.2 years more than that of males, while this gap was 4.8 years in the 1970-1975 quinquennium (Figure 4).
In 2002, high estimated incidence rates for malignant neoplasms of breast and cervix were found among women (see table).
n.a.= not applicable The prevalence of tobacco consumption in the population 13-15 years of age was 11% among women and 20% among men in 2004. [17] Prevalence data on obesity in the population 15 to 49 years old are not available. The most recent year for which mortality data from Suriname are available by sex, age and cause of death is 2004 [18]; The infant mortality rate was 19.2 per 1,000 live births in 2004. [19] Cardio-vascular diseases (including Hypertension and Cerebrovascular diseases) are the leading causes of death in the period 2000 - 2004. The death rates due to External causes and Malignancies switch between the 2nd and 3rd place during this period. The main change in leading causes of death is due to certain conditions originating in the perinatal period, which moved up to the 4th place in the period 2000 – 2004. HIV/AIDS death rates increased from the 6th place in 2000 to the 5th place in 2004. From 2000 – 2004 deaths from cardiovascular diseases (including the Cerebrovascular diseases) accounted for 30% of all deaths; Both External causes and Malignancies accounted for 10 % each, while Diseases originating in the perinatal period accounted for 8% and both HIV/AIDS and Diabetes Mellitus account for 5% each.
The highest mortality rate among the malignancies appears in the bronchus – and lung, followed by the malignancies from the genital organs respectively. Together the malignancies of the genital organs account for 28% while the malignancies of the tractus digestivus account for 25%. The highest incidence is in the age group 60 – 80 years.
The total fertility rate in Suriname, in 2004, was 2.4 children per woman. [20] Adolescent pregnancy is one of several reproductive risk categories; [21] it constitutes a barrier that can prevent women from developing capabilities to help them achieve the resources necessary for their well-being. In Suriname, in 2004, 6.4% of adolescents 15 to 19 years old gave birth; among women 35 to 49 years, 2.3% gave birth to a child. [22] There were 8 maternal deaths in 2004. [23] A rising trend was seen in the number of AIDS cases reported annually during the period 1983-1995 (Figure 5). In September 2005 there were 351 people under treatment with antiretroviral drugs; [24] it is estimated that, in 2004, less than 1,000 people 15 to 49 years old needed such treatment. [25]
Among women 15 to 49 years old who are currently married or partnered, 41% use modern methods of family planning and another 1% use other methods (Figure 6). The method most frequently used is the pill.
In 2002, 90% of all births were attended by trained personnel and 90% of pregnant women received at least one consultation for prenatal care, provided by a trained health worker. [26]
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Source: United Nations.
World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision
. New York, 2005.
Source: PAHO/AIS.
Health Situation in the Americas. Basic Indicators 2005
. Washington, DC, 2005.
Source: UNESCO.
Source: United Nations.
World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision
. New York, 2005.
Source: PAHO/AI and National AIDS Program.
Source: PAHO/GE. Gender, Health and Development in the Americas. Basic Indicators 2005. Washington, DC, 2005.