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The total population of Anguilla in 2005 is estimated at 13,000; all live in urban areas. [1] Women represent 53.9% of the total population. [2] It is estimated that, in the year 2004, 3,668 women were 15 to 49 years old, that is, around 57% of the total number of women. [3] According to demographic estimates and projections, there has been a consistent and pronounced decrease in the average annual rate of population growth since 1990, and by 2010 the rate will be under 1% (Figure 1).
During the period 1995-2002, there was a decreasing trend in the estimated (crude) death rates in Anguilla, among both sexes (Figure 2).
Public expenditure on health was 3.3% of gross domestic product in the year 2000, and private expenditure was 2.5% (excluding health insurance). [4] Almost 100% of the population has access to sanitation services, but access to improved water sources is not nearly as high (Figure 3).
Among the population aged 15 years and over, literacy was 95.1% in 1998 among males and 95.7% among females. [5] In 2002-2003, the gross enrollment rate at the primary level was around 100% for both sexes, and it is estimated to be slightly higher for the secondary level (Figure 4).
In 2005, life expectancy at birth was 80.1 years for women and 74.2 years for men. [6] Additional gains in life expectancy are foreseen for both sexes, although the gap between men and women is expected to remain steady at around 6 more years for women (Figure 5).
Male age-specific death rates, due to all causes combined, were higher than female rates for all age groups except among children 1 to 4 years old (Figure 6). There were no infant deaths in 2004. [7]
When mortality in Anguilla is considered by cause of death and by age group, it is found that the death rates for ages under 15 years are usually zero, due to the small number of total population, and the very few, if any, deaths normally occurring at young ages. Hence, mortality by cause of death is not presented for these ages. Among the population 15 to 44 years old, in 2002 external causes accounted for the largest amount of mortality among men, compared to other causes, whereas there was no mortality among women from these causes (Figure 7). By comparison, at ages 45 to 64 years, diseases of the circulatory system caused the largest amount of mortality among women while no particular group of causes was dominant in male mortality (Figure 7).
Ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases are major causes of death among older adults, especially those at ages 65 years and over, and particularly among women (Figure 8).
Accidents, suicide and homicide are all included in the grouping external causes of death . In 2002, transport accidents was the only group of external causes of death for which female mortality was lower than men’s (Figure 9).
In 2004 the total fertility rate in Anguilla was 1.7 children per woman. [8] There were no maternal deaths in 2004. [9] A total of 9 cases of AIDS were reported in Anguilla through the year 2003: 2 male cases (1 in 1988, 1 in 1996), 3 female cases (1 each in 1989, 1990, 2003), and 4 cases of unknown sex (1 in 1989, 3 in 2002). [10] In September 2005 there were 5 people under treatment with antiretroviral drugs; [11] the number of people 15 to 49 years old who need such treatment is unknown. [12]
In 2003, all births were attended by trained personnel and all pregnant women received at least one consultation for prenatal care, provided by a trained health worker. [13] Although this topic is an essential element in the analysis of gender-based inequalities related to the participation of women and men in the health sector, the statistics that would allow such analyses are not currently available.
[1] PAHO/AIS. Health Situation in the Americas. Basic Indicators 2005. Washington, DC, 2005. [2] Based on: PAHO/AIS. Technical Information System. Table Generator. http://www.paho.org , 26 January 2006. [3] U.S. Census Bureau. International Data Base. http://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/ipc/ , 14 March 2006. [4] PAHO/AIS. Health Situation in the Americas. Basic Indicators 2005. Washington, DC, 2005. [5] PAHO/AIS. Health Situation in the Americas. Basic Indicators 2005 . Washington, DC, 2005. [6] PAHO/AIS. Health Situation in the Americas. Basic Indicators 2005 . Washington, DC, 2005. [7] PAHO/AIS. Health Situation in the Americas. Basic Indicators 2005 . Washington, DC, 2005. [8] PAHO/GE. Gender, Health and Development in the Americas. Basic Indicators 2005. Washington, DC, 2005. [9] PAHO/AIS. Health Situation in the Americas. Basic Indicators 2005 . Washington, DC, 2005. [10] PAHO/AI and National AIDS Program. [11] Ibid. [12] UNAIDS/WHO. [13] PAHO/AIS. Health Situation in the Americas. Basic Indicators 2005 . Washington, DC, 2005. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Source: Idem. 
