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March 1997 |
SITUATION OF THE BLOOD BANKS IN THE REGION OF THE AMERICAS,
1994-1995
The basic function of the transfusion services is that to provide blood and its derivatives in sufficient quantity and with the adequate quality, when the health services thus require it. In recent years, the appearance of AIDS has increased the social pressure that requires absolute safety in the product that is transfused. This has produced new and greater charges in the logistics, management, and organization of the services of transfusion. There are different factors that to cause that the blood or its derivatives are safe products. From the existence of a law and/or regulation that regulates the production and use of blood; the existence in the services of good manufacturing practices, concept obtained of the companies productive of pharmaceutical products; up to the acquisition of altruistic volunteer donors and the training of the physicians in the use of the blood derivatives.
The selection of donors continues to be a key factor, hence the need for the serological screening of the same in order to rule out those that could be infected with those diseases transmitted through the transfusion.
Tables 1 and 2 show coverage of the serological screening; the percentage of donors whom serology test were permormed for HIV, hepatitis to viruses B and C, syphilis, and t. Cruzi, in several Latin America countries in 1994 and 1995. The prevalence of those diseases in donors is also included.
Table 1
Prevalence of Diseases in Donors Transmitted through Transfusion: Situation
of the Blood Banks, per Country, Number of Donors and Percentage of positive
Serological Tests, Countries with Available Information
in the Region of the Americas, 1994
| |
HIV |
HVB* |
HVC |
Sifilis |
T. cruzi |
| Country |
No. of donors |
% of donors with serology |
Prev.
(**) |
% of donors with serology |
Prev.
(**) |
% of donors with serology |
Prev.
(**) |
% of donors with serology |
Prev.
(**) |
% of donors with serology |
Prev.
(**) |
| Bolivia |
19,987 |
80.0 |
0.02 |
67 |
1.06 |
... |
... |
67.0 |
2.41 |
71.0 |
20.24 |
| Colombia |
332,540 |
72.0 |
0.34 |
75 |
0.90 |
67 |
0.70 |
70.0 |
1.56 |
7.70 |
2.57 |
| Ecuador |
98,473 |
89.5 |
0.10 |
88 |
0.38 |
33 |
0.14 |
86.7 |
1.15 |
51.0 |
0.20 |
| El Salvador |
49,550 |
100.0 |
0.15 |
100 |
0.60 |
46 |
0.17 |
100.0 |
1.60 |
65.0 |
2.30 |
| Honduras |
31,275 |
100.0 |
0.64 |
84 |
0.98 |
30 |
0.06 |
100.0 |
0.50 |
85,0 |
1.41 |
| Nicaragua |
44,840 |
100.0 |
0.07 |
95 |
0.81 |
55 |
0.60 |
97.0 |
1.04 |
68.0 |
0.40 |
| Panama |
26,333 |
100.0 |
0.10 |
85 |
0.40 |
21 |
0.40 |
... |
... |
24.0 |
0.13 |
| Paraguay |
32,893 |
100.0 |
0.70 |
93 |
1.30 |
... |
... |
67.0 |
2.80 |
87.0 |
4.50 |
| Peru |
81,103*** |
60.0 |
0.22 |
60 |
0.76 |
43 |
0.63 |
60.0 |
1.02 |
0.0 |
... |
| Uruguay |
110,309 |
100.0 |
0.08+ |
100 |
0.41 |
100 |
0.42 |
100.0 |
0.76 |
100.0 |
0.62 |
| Venezuela |
202,247 |
100.0 |
0.22 |
100 |
1.46 |
32 |
0.93 |
100.0 |
1.08 |
100.0 |
1.33 |
... No availabe data
* Only antigen
** Prevalence by 100 donors
+ Confirmed among the positive ones of the screening
*** Estimate |
| Sources: Information given by: Dr. E. L. Segura, Argentina; Dr. Z. Z. Beltrán, Bolivia; Drs. M. García y M. M. Santacruz, Colombia; Dr. L. Valle Garbanzo, Costa Rica; Dr. G. E. de Hernández, El Salvador; Dr. E. Vinelli, Honduras; Dr. L.. R. C. Alvarez y Dr. J. R. Cerros, Nicaragua; Drs. R. Díaz y H. Espino, Panamá; Drs. L. Funk, M. L. de Pozzoli y M. O. de Zelada, Paraguay; Drs. A. A. Albrecht y C. Mosquera; Drs. F. Moron Ramos y L. Aguilar Cruces, Perú;Dr. L. Ucar, Uruguay; Dr. Mauricio Zalazar y Dr. M. E. de Mongue, Venezuela.
Division of Disease Prevention and Control, Communicable Diseases Program, (HCP/HCT), AIDS/STD Program, (HCP/HCA), and Division of Health Systems and Services Development, Essential Drugs and Technology Program, (HSP/HSE). |
Table 2
Prevalence of Diseases in Donors Transmitted through Transfusion: Situation
of the Blood Banks, per Country, Number of Donors and Percentage of positive
Serological Tests, Countries with Available Information
in the Region of the Americas, 1995
| |
HIV |
HVB* |
HVC |
Sifilis |
T. cruzi |
| Country |
No. of donors |
% of donors with serology |
Prev.
(**) |
% of donors with serology |
Prev.
(**) |
% of donors with serology |
Prev.
(**) |
% of donors with serology |
Prev.
(**) |
% of donors with serology |
Prev.
(**) |
| Argentina |
811,850 |
85.0 |
0.20 |
84.0 |
1.00 |
70.0 |
0.80 |
88.0 |
0.80 |
96.0 |
4.90 |
| Bolivia |
22,146 |
64.0 |
0.03 |
60.0 |
1.50 |
... |
... |
64.0 |
1.33 |
66.0 |
13.70
|
| Colombia |
370,815 |
100.0 |
0.30 |
100.0 |
0.89 |
99.8 |
0.96 |
99.3 |
1.40 |
46.0 |
1.30 |
| Costa Rica |
45,311 |
100.0 |
0.10 |
100.0 |
0.40 |
100.0 |
0.30 |
100.0 |
0.30 |
13.0 |
0.80 |
| Ecuador |
100,774 |
100.0 |
0.18 |
99.0 |
0.47 |
42.6 |
0.10 |
100.0 |
0.90 |
75.4 |
0.10 |
| El Salvador |
52,365 |
100.0 |
0.15 |
100.0 |
0.60 |
74.0 |
0.18 |
100.0 |
1.30 |
99.0 |
2.30 |
| Honduras |
31,937 |
100.0 |
0.50 |
92.0 |
0.50 |
73.0 |
0.17 |
100.0 |
0.62 |
90.0 |
1.70 |
| Nicaragua |
48,030 |
99.0 |
0.11 |
96.0 |
0.37 |
51.0 |
0.57 |
96.0 |
1.71 |
51.0 |
0.50 |
| Panama |
37,107 |
83.0 |
0.12 |
100.0 |
0.50 |
65.0 |
0.35 |
... |
... |
2.4 |
1.00 |
| Paraguay |
34,216 |
100.0 |
0.05 |
93.0 |
1.40 |
14.8 |
0.30 |
81.0 |
3.50 |
83 |
5.80 |
| Peru |
82,656*** |
60.0 |
0.28 |
60.0 |
0.70 |
50.0 |
0.68 |
60.0 |
1.21 |
4.0 |
0.03 |
| Uruguay |
111,518 |
100.0 |
0.08+ |
100. |
0.41 |
100.0 |
0.42 |
100.0 |
0.76 |
100.0 |
0.62 |
| Venezuela |
202,515 |
100.0 |
0.38 |
100.0 |
1.05 |
57.0 |
0.85 |
100.0 |
1.14 |
100.0 |
0.84 |
... No availabe data
* Only antigen
** Prevalence by 100 donors
+ Confirmed among the positive ones of the screening
*** Estimate |
| Sources: Information given by: Dr. E. L. Segura, Argentina; Dr. Z. Z. Beltrán, Bolivia; Drs. M. García y M. M. Santacruz, Colombia; Dr. L. Valle Garbanzo, Costa Rica; Dr. G. E. de Hernández, El Salvador; Dr. E. Vinelli, Honduras; Dr. L.. R. C. Alvarez y Dr. J. R. Cerros, Nicaragua; Drs. R. Díaz y H. Espino, Panamá; Drs. L. Funk, M. L. de Pozzoli y M. O. de Zelada, Paraguay; Drs. A. A. Albrecht y C. Mosquera; Drs. F. Moron Ramos y L. Aguilar Cruces, Perú;Dr. L. Ucar, Uruguay; Dr. Mauricio Zalazar y Dr. M. E. de Mongue, Venezuela.
Division of Disease Prevention and Control, Communicable Diseases Program, (HCP/HCT), AIDS/STD Program, (HCP/HCA), and Division of Health Systems and Services Development, Essential Drugs and Technology Program, (HSP/HSE). |
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