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Documents

pdf Basic Indicators 2008  Published Popular

7453 downloads

pdf Boletín de Noticias de AIEPI  Published Popular

1843 downloads

El día 1 de febrero de 2008 asumí mi segundo mandato ante la Organización
Panamericana de la Salud con el mismo entusiasmo del primer día, y con el compromiso de seguir trabajando día a día, y hora a hora por los más vulnerables de la Región. Uno de los aspectos que mencioné en mi discurso de toma de posesión, es la necesidad de propiciar la equidad de acceso y calidad en los servicios de salud para así contribuir a la reducción de las inequidades en la Región. Una de estas inequidades la representa la persistencia de altas tasas de mortalidad neonatal en los países de la Región, y en el interior de los mismos países.

pdf Cervical cancer in the Americas: Regional Strategy and Plan of Action for prevention and control  Published Popular

1327 downloads

Today, cervical cancer remains a significant cause of mortality among women globally – it is the third cause of death among all types of cancer – even though it has a high-demonstrated potential for secondary prevention. It is a preventable and curable disease, at low cost and low risk, when screening of asymptomatic women is available, together with appropriate diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Yet prevention programs in Latin America and the Caribbean have met with limited or no success.

 This article presents a summary of the situation of the disease in the Region, and presents current efforts to prevent it, as well as elements of the strategy proposed by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and its Plan of Action for the prevention and control of cervical cancer.

pdf Developing Evidence-Based Strategies for Cardiovascular Prevention and Control through Global Research Networks  Published Popular

3000 downloads

pdf El desafio de la epidemiología  Published Popular

7545 downloads

El desafío de la epidemiología representa la culminación de un esfuerzo realizado en colaboración. Participaron en la preparación del libro dos unidades de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, de Análisis de la Situación de Salud y sus Tendencias y de Desarrollo de Recursos Humanos de Salud. El Dr. Cío vis H. Tigre, epidemiólogo asignado a la primera de estas unidades, coordinó la producción del libro, y un grupo de editores integrado por cuatro eminentes epidemiólogos —Carol Buck, de la Universidad de Ontario Occidental, Canadá; Alvaro Llopis, de la Universidad Central de Venezuela; Enrique Nájera, de la Universidad de Sevilla, España, y Milton Terris, del Journal of Public Health Policy— seleccionaron artículos para la antología y tuvieron discusiones de fondo sobre cada parte de la misma. Estas discusiones, destinadas a proporcionar una estructura para los artículos, se grabaron y transcribieron de las propias reuniones realizadas por los editores; se han mantenido en su estilo original para conservar las opiniones de los editores y el espíritu de sus discusiones.

pdf Global Health 2035 - A world converging within a Generation  Published Popular

1688 downloads

pdf Methods for the prevention and control of obesity and diabetes in the Americas  Published Popular

1160 downloads

Obesity and diabetes are affecting the peoples of the Americas at high and increasing rates. National surveys demonstrate that obesity is increasing in prevalence among all age groups. Studies in Chile (2000) and Mexico (2007) have shown that 7% to 12% of children under 5 years old and one-fifth of adolescents are obese (1), while in adults, surveys carried out between 2002 and 2007 in Central America and Belize, for example, have shown rates of overweight and obesity close to 60%. 

Research has demonstrated a strong and consistent link between obesity and diabetes.

pdf New Red Salud  Published Popular

1161 downloads

pdf Noticias sobre Atención Integrada  Published Popular

1111 downloads

El día 1 de febrero de 2008 asumí mi segundo mandato ante la Organización
Panamericana de la Salud con el mismo entusiasmo del primer día, y con el compromiso de seguir trabajando día a día, y hora a hora por los más vulnerables de la Región. Uno de los aspectos que mencioné en mi discurso de toma de posesión, es la necesidad de propiciar la equidad de acceso y calidad en los servicios de salud para así contribuir a la reducción de las inequidades en la Región. Una de estas inequidades la representa la persistencia de altas tasas de mortalidad neonatal en los países de la Región, y en el interior de los mismos países.

pdf Página 30  Published Popular

1233 downloads

...

pdf PAHO and Epidemiology: Milestones in the Americas  Published Popular

1177 downloads

The XVIII World Congress of Epidemiology took place in Porto Alegre, Brazil, from 22 to 24 September, 2008. It was one of the most attended world congresses of Epidemiology in the history of the event, with more than 7,000 participants. On another historical note, it marked the 25th anniversary of the Seminar organized by PAHO in 1983 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, which paved the way towards the future of the practice of epidemiology in the Americas. This year, PAHO is also celebrating the 20 years of the publication “The Challenge of Epidemiology,” an unprecedented contribution of the Organization to public health. 

pdf PAHO and the University of South Florida offer the course: Health in the Americas  Published Popular

1145 downloads

Course Objectives: Based on the 2007 edition of PAHO's Health in the Americas, this course addresses the issue of health as a human right and examines critical determinants of health and disparities that persist in the Region.

pdf Part I. Historical Development (Discussions)  Published Popular

1439 downloads

NAJERA: Perhaps we could begin by exploring why, how, when, and where the concept of epidemiology originated. As far as we know, "epidemic" and "endemic" derived from epidemeion and endemeion. Hippocrates used these words at the School of Cos 2400 years ago, as a way of incorporating a community outlook into the understanding of diseases. Their purpose at that time, and their correct etymology, was to differentiate diseases that visit the community-the verb epidemeion meaning "to visit"-from those that reside in it, without the added meaning of an unusual or severe occurrence. We should, therefore, keep this characteristic of "visitor" in mind, because of its usefulness in creating a methodology for studying health problems in the community.

pdf Part II. Historical Development (Discussions)  Published Popular

1003 downloads

BUCK: The title of this section implies a transition from the "old" to the "new" epidemiology, and I am not exactly sure what we mean by transition. In the first section we discussed early works that represented the old epidemiology. By new do we mean, then, the application of epidemiology to new problems? Perhaps a good beginning for this section would be for us to try and define this transition.

pdf Part III. Etiologic Investigations (Discussions)  Published Popular

1400 downloads

NAJERA: Perhaps we should start by emphasizing the interrelatedness of the factors that cause disease. Today, everybody talks of multicausation, but if you read the studies, most researchers still search for "a cause," they still think in terms of a single or a few simple causes of disease. They haven't really begun to understand disease as a result of the interaction of factors working within a real web. It was Mac- Mahon who first talked of a "web of causation," but too often this is still interpreted as a complicated but linear chain of causation rather than a complicated interrelationship of many factors. A web really means interrelation. I think we have to emphasize this.

pdf Part IV. Health Services and Health Policy (Discussions)  Published Popular

1315 downloads

BUCK: We sometimes forget that the term etiological refers not only to causes of disease, but to causation in general; that a well-done investigation of factors affecting the outcome of illness or the prevention of disease uses the same rules of inference as an etiological study of disease causation. I realize it is awkward because etiology in most people's minds means only disease causation, pure and simple. But in terms of science I think we should be right in the way we classify things.

pdf Part V. Perspectives and Prospects  Published Popular

1388 downloads

TERRIS: It might be useful to set down the tasks of epidemiology for the near future. First, I think epidemiology should expand the scope and intensity of etiologic studies in diseases of unknown etiology, in occupational and environmental hazards (which are not diseases but hazards), and in the epidemiology of positive health (everything that goes into positive health: vigor, vitality, and performance; the effects of nutrition, physical exercise, rest and recreation, social relations, participation in decision making, etc.).

pdf Regulatory Evaluation of Biosimilars / Subsequent Entry Biologicals. Elwyn Griffiths. Canada  Published Popular

5104 downloads

Regulatory Evaluation of Biosimilars / Subsequent Entry Biologicals

Elwyn Griffiths

Biologics and genetic Therapies

Directorate, Ottawa, Canada

pdf Requirements for certificate of vaccination against Yellow Fever: Region of the Americas  Published Popular

1529 downloads

On 4 September 2008, the World Health Organization (WHO) established a group of experts to analyze the classification of areas within the countries representing a risk of transmission of yellow fever, in order to address the concern shared by many countries of limiting prevention measures to population groups and travelers really at risk.

pdf Setting up a Surveillance System for a Mass Gathering  Published Popular

1417 downloads

The example of the International Cricket Council World Cup in the West Indies, 2007
Introduction: Mass gatherings represent some of the most complex management challenges faced by a government. Depending on the nature of the gathering, they may involve the travel of people across countries and continents, which represent an additional potential risk of dissemination of diseases. Organized mass gatherings that are planned in advance offer the host city, region or country the possibility to prepare for detecting and responding to potential health threats. Such integrated planning is extremely important to minimize that threat

 

pdf The Challenge of Epidemiology  Published Popular

2567 downloads

This is a section of the book The Challenge of Epidemiology: Issues and Selected Readings. Edited by four eminent epidemiologists, this book consolidates, for the first time, a core of landmark articles on the evolution, scope and limitations, uses, and prospects of epidemiology. An outstanding feature of the book is the inclusion of the editors' assessments of the realm of epidemiology, where it is and where it should be going. It represents a useful tool for both students and practicing professionals and provides a much-needed frame of reference for reorienting the practice of epidemiology. The book is a collection of 91 articles, grouped in five parts. The first two parts deal with the historical evolution of the discipline. This first part is introduced with the discussions of the four epidemiologists on the concept of epidemiology and its evolution.

pdf The Challenges of Epidemiology Issues and Selected Readings  Published Popular

5053 downloads

Epidemiologists, health planners, and administrators from countries

throughout the Americas Region, among others, met at a seminar in Buenos Aires, Argentina in November 1983, to discuss and analyze the role of epidemiology in the developing countries of the Western Hemisphere. After formulating and analyzing ideas and initiatives on the use and future prospects of epidemiology in Latin America, the participants made important recommendations for adjusting epidemiology's practice to current needs.

pdf The Essential Public Health Functions as a Strategy for Improving Overall Health  Published Popular

4656 downloads

The Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) defines the Essential Public Health Functions (EPHF) as the indispensable set of actions, under the primary responsibility of the state, that are fundamental for achieving the goal of public health which is to improve, promote, protect, and restore the health of the population through collective action.

pdf Together We Can Control High Blood Pressure  Published Popular

3061 downloads

pdf World Health Day - Why Hypertension  Published Popular

2824 downloads