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Folder Presentations: English

Documents

pdf PAHO and Epidemiology: Milestones in the Americas  Published Popular

1177 downloads

The XVIII World Congress of Epidemiology took place in Porto Alegre, Brazil, from 22 to 24 September, 2008. It was one of the most attended world congresses of Epidemiology in the history of the event, with more than 7,000 participants. On another historical note, it marked the 25th anniversary of the Seminar organized by PAHO in 1983 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, which paved the way towards the future of the practice of epidemiology in the Americas. This year, PAHO is also celebrating the 20 years of the publication “The Challenge of Epidemiology,” an unprecedented contribution of the Organization to public health. 

pdf PAHO and the University of South Florida offer the course: Health in the Americas  Published Popular

1146 downloads

Course Objectives: Based on the 2007 edition of PAHO's Health in the Americas, this course addresses the issue of health as a human right and examines critical determinants of health and disparities that persist in the Region.

pdf Part I. Historical Development (Discussions)  Published Popular

1441 downloads

NAJERA: Perhaps we could begin by exploring why, how, when, and where the concept of epidemiology originated. As far as we know, "epidemic" and "endemic" derived from epidemeion and endemeion. Hippocrates used these words at the School of Cos 2400 years ago, as a way of incorporating a community outlook into the understanding of diseases. Their purpose at that time, and their correct etymology, was to differentiate diseases that visit the community-the verb epidemeion meaning "to visit"-from those that reside in it, without the added meaning of an unusual or severe occurrence. We should, therefore, keep this characteristic of "visitor" in mind, because of its usefulness in creating a methodology for studying health problems in the community.

pdf Part II. Historical Development (Discussions)  Published Popular

1003 downloads

BUCK: The title of this section implies a transition from the "old" to the "new" epidemiology, and I am not exactly sure what we mean by transition. In the first section we discussed early works that represented the old epidemiology. By new do we mean, then, the application of epidemiology to new problems? Perhaps a good beginning for this section would be for us to try and define this transition.

pdf Part III. Etiologic Investigations (Discussions)  Published Popular

1402 downloads

NAJERA: Perhaps we should start by emphasizing the interrelatedness of the factors that cause disease. Today, everybody talks of multicausation, but if you read the studies, most researchers still search for "a cause," they still think in terms of a single or a few simple causes of disease. They haven't really begun to understand disease as a result of the interaction of factors working within a real web. It was Mac- Mahon who first talked of a "web of causation," but too often this is still interpreted as a complicated but linear chain of causation rather than a complicated interrelationship of many factors. A web really means interrelation. I think we have to emphasize this.

pdf Part IV. Health Services and Health Policy (Discussions)  Published Popular

1315 downloads

BUCK: We sometimes forget that the term etiological refers not only to causes of disease, but to causation in general; that a well-done investigation of factors affecting the outcome of illness or the prevention of disease uses the same rules of inference as an etiological study of disease causation. I realize it is awkward because etiology in most people's minds means only disease causation, pure and simple. But in terms of science I think we should be right in the way we classify things.

pdf Part V. Perspectives and Prospects  Published Popular

1389 downloads

TERRIS: It might be useful to set down the tasks of epidemiology for the near future. First, I think epidemiology should expand the scope and intensity of etiologic studies in diseases of unknown etiology, in occupational and environmental hazards (which are not diseases but hazards), and in the epidemiology of positive health (everything that goes into positive health: vigor, vitality, and performance; the effects of nutrition, physical exercise, rest and recreation, social relations, participation in decision making, etc.).

pdf Regulatory Evaluation of Biosimilars / Subsequent Entry Biologicals. Elwyn Griffiths. Canada  Published Popular

5107 downloads

Regulatory Evaluation of Biosimilars / Subsequent Entry Biologicals

Elwyn Griffiths

Biologics and genetic Therapies

Directorate, Ottawa, Canada

pdf Requirements for certificate of vaccination against Yellow Fever: Region of the Americas  Published Popular

1531 downloads

On 4 September 2008, the World Health Organization (WHO) established a group of experts to analyze the classification of areas within the countries representing a risk of transmission of yellow fever, in order to address the concern shared by many countries of limiting prevention measures to population groups and travelers really at risk.

pdf Setting up a Surveillance System for a Mass Gathering  Published Popular

1418 downloads

The example of the International Cricket Council World Cup in the West Indies, 2007
Introduction: Mass gatherings represent some of the most complex management challenges faced by a government. Depending on the nature of the gathering, they may involve the travel of people across countries and continents, which represent an additional potential risk of dissemination of diseases. Organized mass gatherings that are planned in advance offer the host city, region or country the possibility to prepare for detecting and responding to potential health threats. Such integrated planning is extremely important to minimize that threat

 

pdf The Challenge of Epidemiology  Published Popular

2568 downloads

This is a section of the book The Challenge of Epidemiology: Issues and Selected Readings. Edited by four eminent epidemiologists, this book consolidates, for the first time, a core of landmark articles on the evolution, scope and limitations, uses, and prospects of epidemiology. An outstanding feature of the book is the inclusion of the editors' assessments of the realm of epidemiology, where it is and where it should be going. It represents a useful tool for both students and practicing professionals and provides a much-needed frame of reference for reorienting the practice of epidemiology. The book is a collection of 91 articles, grouped in five parts. The first two parts deal with the historical evolution of the discipline. This first part is introduced with the discussions of the four epidemiologists on the concept of epidemiology and its evolution.

pdf The Challenges of Epidemiology Issues and Selected Readings  Published Popular

5053 downloads

Epidemiologists, health planners, and administrators from countries

throughout the Americas Region, among others, met at a seminar in Buenos Aires, Argentina in November 1983, to discuss and analyze the role of epidemiology in the developing countries of the Western Hemisphere. After formulating and analyzing ideas and initiatives on the use and future prospects of epidemiology in Latin America, the participants made important recommendations for adjusting epidemiology's practice to current needs.

pdf The Essential Public Health Functions as a Strategy for Improving Overall Health  Published Popular

4656 downloads

The Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) defines the Essential Public Health Functions (EPHF) as the indispensable set of actions, under the primary responsibility of the state, that are fundamental for achieving the goal of public health which is to improve, promote, protect, and restore the health of the population through collective action.

pdf Together We Can Control High Blood Pressure  Published Popular

3061 downloads

pdf World Health Day - Why Hypertension  Published Popular

2824 downloads