This global report is based on 59 countries that reported data from more than 12 000 clinics from cohorts of patients receiving ART between 2004 and 2014. The report includes the most recent clinic-level data reported to WHO in 2015 –2016 and reflects a lag due to the 12 month cohort reporting period.

This second HIVDR report provides an update on recent population levels of HIVDR covering the period 2014–2016. The report includes data from 16 nationally representative surveys from 14 countries estimating resistance in: adults initiating ART (PDR), children younger than 18 months newly diagnosed with HIV, and adults on ART (acquired HIV drug resistance or ADR).

HIV Drug Resistance emerges when HIV replicates in the presence of antiretroviral drugs. If HIV drug resistance becomes widespread, drugs currently used to treat HIV infection may become ineffective.

This is the first report since the launch of the HIVDR Technical Cooperation Network, is a summary of the activities that took place in 2013 under the initiative of this technical group.

This report, the second since the launch of the HIVDR Technical Cooperation Network, is a summary of the activities that took place in 2014 under the initiative of this technical group.

This event was held in Brasilia, Brazil during 19-21 March 2013

This report reviews data on HIV drug resistance in low- and middle-income countries between 2003 and 2010 and three main conclusions stand out. First, with the expansion of treatment achieved over the last eight years, there are signals of increasing prevalence of transmitted HIV drug resistance, particularly to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI), among recently infected populations in the areas surveyed.