Recommendations for the Early Detection of Human Cases of Avian Influenza A(H5N1)

Avian influenza A(H5N1) outbreaks primarily affect animals; however, the growing number of infections in diverse species, including mammals, positions avian influenza A(H5N1) as a virus with pandemic potential. The limited sensitivity of traditional surveillance systems (sentinel surveillance) hinders the early detection of viruses with epidemic or pandemic potential. Therefore, it is recommended to expand surveillance to people at higher risk of exposure and to strengthen the capacity of health care facilities to identify signals that represent a public health risk and that require investigation or close follow-up. Early detection and response to these signals are essential to contain emerging threats and protect public health. In this context, the Pan American Health Organization has developed this document to provide recommendations for recognizing and addressing possible cases of human infection with avian influenza A(H5N1). It also highlights the importance of properly implementing processes for the use of personal protective equipment, clinical sample collection, and the timely notification of suspected or confirmed cases.