Artificial intelligence in health requires ethical frameworks, technical capacities, and evidence to support its responsible implementation.
This section brings together publications, strategies, reviews, and technical documents developed by PAHO, WHO, the IDB, and other international organizations related to artificial intelligence and its application in public health.
The materials address topics such as ethics and governance, institutional readiness, digital transformation, cybersecurity, algorithmic bias, regulation, scientific evidence, and implementation experiences in different contexts across the Region.
Access the different categories of technical documents, publications, and resources on artificial intelligence in health directly.
Artificial intelligence prompt design for public health
Guide on designing instructions for the responsible use of generative artificial intelligence in public health, aimed at improving the quality, accuracy, and oversight of AI-generated results. Publication in SPANISH
Bias-free artificial intelligence in health
Practical recommendations to reduce bias in the development and implementation of health-related algorithms, promoting more equitable, transparent, and people-centered artificial intelligence systems.
AI in Public Health: Readiness Assessment Toolkit
Tool designed to support countries in assessing their level of readiness to adopt artificial intelligence in public health, considering aspects related to governance, infrastructure, capacities, and the responsible use of data.
Questions and answers on artificial intelligence to support public health
Reference tool developed by PAHO to facilitate information exchange and promote open discussions and debates on artificial intelligence and public health.
Rapid response strategy for cybersecurity incidents in the health sector
Technical document on rapid response strategies for cybersecurity incidents in the health sector, addressing preparedness capacities, resilience, and the protection of digital infrastructures.
Artificial intelligence in public health
PAHO publication that analyzes opportunities, challenges, and applications of artificial intelligence in public health, including aspects related to ethics, governance, data, and digital transformation.
Eight guiding principles for the digital transformation of the health sector
Principles designed to guide countries in the Region of the Americas through digital transformation processes in the health sector, promoting sustainable policies, informed decision-making, and people-centered approaches.
Eight guiding principles for the digital transformation of the health sector: Artificial intelligence
PAHO policy brief that presents concepts, applications, and challenges of artificial intelligence within the framework of the digital transformation of the health sector.
Artificial Intelligence for Health brochure
WHO brochure presenting opportunities, challenges, and areas of application of artificial intelligence in health, including aspects related to digital transformation, innovation, governance, and strengthening health systems.
Leveraging data, artificial intelligence and digital health in the WHO European Region
WHO report presenting progress, initiatives, and challenges in the European Region, including implementation experiences and priorities to strengthen digital transformation in health.
Mapping the application of artificial intelligence in traditional medicine: technical brief
WHO technical brief exploring potential applications of artificial intelligence in traditional medicine, including data analysis, diagnostic support, and knowledge management in health.
Demystifying artificial intelligence in health: what health policy-makers need to know
WHO publication aimed at policy-makers, focusing on governance, regulation, ethics, and informed decision-making.
Benefits and risks of the use of artificial intelligence
WHO document analyzing the opportunities and challenges associated with the use of artificial intelligence in the research, production, and distribution of medicines.
Ethics and governance of artificial intelligence for health
WHO document that guides the responsible development and use of artificial intelligence, addressing aspects related to human rights, transparency, safety, equity, and human oversight.
Regulatory considerations on artificial intelligence for health
WHO document addressing regulatory aspects related to the development, evaluation, and implementation of artificial intelligence systems in health.
Generating evidence for artificial intelligence-based medical devices
WHO framework to guide the evaluation, validation, and monitoring of AI technologies used as medical devices, including support for clinical decision-making.
Advancing the responsible use of digital technologies in global health
WHO report on opportunities, challenges, and recommendations to strengthen the responsible use of digital technologies and artificial intelligence in health.
Artificial intelligence is reshaping health systems
WHO report analyzing the readiness of health systems in the European Region to incorporate artificial intelligence, addressing institutional capacities, governance, digital infrastructure, and challenges for responsible implementation.
Artificial intelligence is reshaping health systems: country profiles
WHO publication presenting country profiles on the status of adoption and readiness for the use of artificial intelligence in health, including progress, institutional capacities, and challenges across countries in the European Region.
Artificial intelligence and evidence-informed policy
WHO discussion paper analyzing opportunities, risks, and challenges associated with integrating artificial intelligence into health policy-making, including aspects related to equity, transparency, governance, and regulation.
Plan of Action for Strengthening Information Systems for Health 2024–2030
PAHO roadmap to strengthen interoperability, data governance, and digital transformation in health, including the responsible incorporation of artificial intelligence.
Policy on the application of data science in public health using artificial intelligence and other emerging technologies
PAHO official document establishing principles and guidelines for the ethical, transparent, and interoperable use of artificial intelligence and emerging technologies in public health.
Bias-mitigated AI as a foundation for resilient and effective health systems
Article published in JMIR Publications analyzing how bias mitigation in AI models can contribute to more equitable, resilient, and effective health systems, addressing challenges related to governance, among other aspects.
Artificial intelligence for equitable public health at the G20
Article published in the Pan American Journal of Public Health analyzing the role of artificial intelligence in promoting more equitable public health, highlighting commitments, cooperation, and challenges for its implementation.
Together towards tomorrow: partnerships powering the digital transformation of the health sector
Article published in the Pan American Journal of Public Health analyzing the role of strategic partnerships and regional cooperation in the digital transformation processes of the health sector.
Guidelines for clinical trial protocols involving AI interventions: the SPIRIT-AI extension
Article presenting recommendations to improve the design and transparency of clinical trial protocols involving artificial intelligence-based interventions. Publication in SPANISH
AI’s ongoing impact: implications of AI’s effects on health equity for women’s healthcare providers
Article analyzing how the use of AI can influence healthcare delivery, addressing opportunities, risks, and challenges related to bias, access, and representation in digital health systems.
Systematic review of adolescent pregnancy prevention programs using websites and chatbots
Article analyzing digital experiences aimed at preventing adolescent pregnancy through websites and chatbots, exploring the potential of these tools to promote education, support, and access to health information. Publication in SPANISH
Feasibility of the use of artificial intelligence for screening patients with COVID-19 in Paraguay
Article exploring the use of artificial intelligence to support COVID-19 patient screening in Paraguay, assessing its potential to strengthen detection and analysis processes during public health emergencies. Publication in SPANISH
Independent assessment of the WHO Skin Neglected Tropical Diseases application for leprosy detection
Article assessing the performance of an artificial intelligence-based application to support detection through image analysis, exploring its potential to strengthen diagnosis and care for neglected tropical diseases.