Public Health Situation Analysis of Wildfires in South America. 19 September 2024

In South America, the most critical months for wildfires typically coincide with the dry season, which varies by geographic location. In general, wildfire activity peaks between July and October, when high temperatures and reduced precipitation create optimal conditions for fire ignition and spread.

In 2024, wildfires across several South American countries have shown a marked intensification during August and early September, driven by a prolonged drought characterized by low rainfall and significant soil moisture deficits. This year has been particularly severe due to the influence of El Niño, which has exacerbated drought conditions in many regions, further amplifying the environmental factors that contribute to wildfire propagation.

This document outlines the main public health risks associated with wildfire-affected areas, including respiratory illnesses, disruptions to health services, population displacement, and increased vulnerability among at-risk groups such as children, older adults, and individuals with pre-existing health conditions.

*Document available in Spanish.